Basic Occasions and Rubrics for Bell-Ringing
in the Russian Tradition
The meaning of the technical terms for ringing patterns can be
found here.
Vespers,
Great or Daily,
with or without
Presanctified Liturgy
(Optina Typikon)
Traditions vary. Some say that daily Vespers is announced with
12 strikes of the main bell; others say to peal a zvon with all
but the largest bell on Polyelei days, and all but the largest two
bells on ordinary days. The same rules apply when Presanctified
is served, but here, for 'It Is Truly Meet', the bells are not rung.
For Great Vespers, use all the bells.
All-Night Vigil
Blagovest is rung before the service and is immediately followed
by trezvon. Dvuzvon at the beginning of the reading of the Six Psalms
or just before it. Immediately before the reading of the Gospel,
zvon. During the Magnificat the bell is struck nine times. At the
conclusion of the Vigil, trezvon.
Divine Liturgy
Blagovest is rung at the appointed time and ceases at the beginning
of the Hours. At the end of the 6th hour, trezvon. At the Creed,
which consists of 12 parts, the bell is struck 12 times in a unhurried
fashion as a proclamation of the faith and to inform Christians
who are absent that the time of the Consecration of the Holy Gifts
approaches (some traditions call for this 12-fold ring at "It
is meet and right" instead). After the Liturgy, trezvon on
all bells.
Divine Liturgy
(Hierarchical)
The blagovest is sounded at appointed time. As the Hierarch approaches
the temple, all the bells are rung. When the Hierarch enters the
temple, the ringing stops and blagovest is resumed until the beginning
of the vesting of the Hierarch. At the beginning of the Sixth Hour,
trezvon, unless there is an ordination to the rank of reader or
to the subdiaconate, in which case the trezvon is sounded after
the Bishop's prayers before the Divine Liturgy. The rest as at any
Divine Liturgy.
Lenten and Royal Hours
Before the Hours during Great Lent and at Royal Hours [i.e., before
the First Hour] the bell is struck once; at the Third Hour, the
bell three times, at the 6th, six times, and at the 9th, nine times.
Vespers of
Great Friday
At the bringing out of the Shroud and before the procession around
the church, perebor, followed immediately by trezvon.
Funeral
At the carrying out of the deceased from the temple for burial,
perebor. There is no trezvon after this bell.
Molieben with
Blessing of Water
When the cross is immersed into the water, a short trezvon.
Wedding
Blagovest and short zvon before the service. Solemn celebratory
zvon on all bells at the exit of the newlyweds from church after
the ceremony. It goes on the whole time the young couple is greeted
by their friends and relatives at the threshold of the church. Their
departure by car is accompanied with a zvon as well.
Civil Alarms
When enemies are approaching, fire has broken out, and other civil
emergencies.
÷Adapted from Archpriest Rostislav Gan's explanations
of the Divine services, translated by Rev. Victor and Subdeacon
Kirill Sokolov of Holy Trinity
Cathedral, San Francisco, and supplemented from the Optina Typikon
and our conversations with living bell masters. Until 1999, Holy
Trinity has had one of the only two sets of Russian bells in the
Western Hemisphere. As of the end of 2001, there are almost 40.
For some further discussion of the Orthodox rubrical
traditions, see "On
bells and their ringing" at Holy Trinity's website.